QEMU4V

h1. Getting Started

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h2. General notes

First of all, install the QEMU4V (follow the "instruction":https://forge.ispras.ru/projects/qemu4v/wiki/Installation).

It is possible to terminate QEMU by hands only. Neither Ctrl-C nor Ctrl-Z works, use _kill <process-id>_ or _killall qemu-system*_.

h2. Aarch64

It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:

- Toolchain for Aarch64 assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (can be downloaded from "Linaro website":http://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries or just below, installation instruction is "here":http://forge.ispras.ru/projects/microtesk-armv8/wiki/Toolchain).

# Write a simple Aarch64 program (it is called @sample.s@) that does nothing but puts 0x10 value to X0 register and then halts. Here it is:

<pre>

.text

	.globl _start

	bl _start

_start:

	movz x1, #0x10, LSL #0

	hlt #57005

</pre>

# To compile the Aarch64 assembler program, do the following:

<pre>

aarch64-linux-gnu-as sample.s -o sample.o

aarch64-linux-gnu-ld sample.o -o sample.elf

aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy -O binary sample.elf sample.bin

</pre>

# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator with enabled option of microprocessor execution trace logging:

<pre>

qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -cpu cortex-a57 -bios sample.bin -d nochain,in_asm -singlestep -nographic -trace-log -D log-file.txt

</pre>

# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following @log-file.txt@ trace file should be generated:

<pre>

0 clk IT (0) 0000000000000000 94000001 A svc_ns : bl #+0x4 (addr 0x4)

1 clk IT (1) 0000000000000004 d2800201 A svc_ns : movz x1, #0x10, LSL #0

2 clk IT (2) 0000000000000008 d45bd5a0 A svc_ns : hlt #57005

</pre>

h2. MIPS32

It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:

- Toolchain for MIPS assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (a list of toolchains is available "here":https://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Toolchains).

# First of all, let's write a simple MIPS program (it is called @sample.s@) that stores 0x10 value at x12345678 address. Here it is:

<pre>

.text

	.globl _start

_start:

lui $1, 0x1234

ori $1, $1, 0x5678

addi $8, $0, 10

sw $8, 0($1)

</pre>

# To compile the MIPS32 assembler program, do the following:

<pre>

mips-linux-gnu-as sample.s -o sample.o

mips-linux-gnu-ld sample.o -Ttext 0xbfc00000 -o sample.elf

</pre>

# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator:

<pre>

qemu-system-mips -M mips -cpu mips32r6-generic -d unimp,nochain,in_asm -nographic -singlestep -D log.txt -bios sample.elf

</pre>

# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following @log-file.txt@ trace file should be generated:

<pre>

...

----------------

IN: 

0xbfc0fffc:  nop

----------------

IN: 

0xbfc10000:  lui	at,0x1234

----------------

IN: 

0xbfc10004:  ori	at,at,0x5678

----------------

IN: 

0xbfc10008:  beqzalc	zero,t0,0xbfc10034

----------------

IN: 

0xbfc10034:  cache	0x0,0(s8)

</pre>

h2. PowerPC32

It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:

- Toolchain for PowerPC32 assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (we use "GNU C compiler":https://packages.debian.org/sid/gcc-powerpc-linux-gnu).

# Write a simple PowerPC program (it is called @p1.s@). Here it is:

<pre>

.section    .text

    addi    4,0,5       # bad

    la  3,3(0)      # very bad

    la  3,0(3)

    la  5,2500(3)

</pre>

# To compile the PowerPC assembler program, do the following:

<pre>

powerpc-linux-gnu-as p1.s -me500mc -o p1.o

powerpc-linux-gnu-ld p1.o -Ttext 0x0 -o p1.elf

</pre>

# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator :

<pre>

qemu-system-ppc -M ppce500 -cpu e500 -d unimp,nochain,in_asm -nographic -singlestep -bios p1.elf

</pre>

# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following trace should be generated:

<pre>

IN: 

0x00000000:  li      r4,5

IN: 

0x00000004:  li      r3,3

IN: 

0x00000008:  addi    r3,r3,0

IN: 

0x0000000c:  addi    r5,r3,2500

</pre>

h2. RISC-V

It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:

- Toolchain for RISC-V assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (the source code and the installation guide are available "here":https://github.com/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain).

# Write a simple RISC-V program (it is called @sample.s@) that does nothing but puts 0x18 value to @t1@ register and puts 0x21 value to @t2@ register. Here it is:

<pre>

.text

.globl _start

_start:

 addi t1, zero, 0x18

 addi t2, zero, 0x21

</pre>

# To compile the RISC-V assembler program, do the following:

<pre>

aarch64-linux-gnu-as sample.s -o sample.o

aarch64-linux-gnu-ld sample.o -Ttext 0x1000 -o sample.elf

</pre>

# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator with enabled option of microprocessor execution trace logging (0x1000 value was used by linker because of QEMU-related features):

<pre>

qemu-system-riscv64 -M spike_v1.10 -cpu any -d unimp,nochain,in_asm -nographic -singlestep -trace-log -kernel sample.elf

</pre>

# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following trace should be generated:

<pre>

0 clk 0 IT (0) 0000000000001000 01800313 A svc_ns : li t1,24

1 clk R t1 0000000000000018

1 clk 0 IT (1) 0000000000001004 02100393 A svc_ns : li t2,33

2 clk R t2 0000000000000021

2 clk 0 IT (2) 0000000000001008 00000000 A svc_ns : unimp

3 clk 0 IT (3) 0000000000001010 00000000 A svc_ns : unimp

</pre>

h2. X86 (8086 case)

It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:

- Toolchain for X86 assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (we use "GCC":https://gcc.gnu.org).

# Write a simple X86 program (it is called @sample.s@) that performs some calculations:

<pre>

.code16 # tell the assembler that we're using 16 bit mode

	.text

	.global _start

_start:

	mov $11, %AX

	and $204, %BX

	mov %AX, %CX

	add %CX, %BX

	sub %CX, %AX

.org 510 # magic bytes that tell BIOS that this is bootable

.word 0xaa55 # magic bytes that tell BIOS that this is bootable

</pre>

# To compile the X86 GNU assembler program, do the following:

<pre>

x86_64-linux-gnu-as sample.s -o sample.o

x86_64-linux-gnu-ld sample.o -T 0x7c00 --oformat binary -o sample.elf

</pre>

# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator:

<pre>

qemu-system-i386 -M pc -cpu 486 -d unimp,nochain,in_asm -nographic -singlestep -D log.txt -hda sample.elf

</pre>

# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following @log-file.txt@ trace file should be generated (go to the 0x7c00 address and see the program execution fragment):

<pre>

----------------

IN: 

0x00007c00:  mov    $0xb,%ax

----------------

IN: 

0x00007c03:  and    $0xcc,%bx

----------------

IN: 

0x00007c07:  mov    %ax,%cx

----------------

IN: 

0x00007c09:  add    %cx,%bx

----------------

IN: 

0x00007c0b:  sub    %cx,%ax

----------------

</pre>