Getting Started » History » Revision 12
Revision 11 (Sergey Smolov, 11/13/2018 02:33 PM) → Revision 12/22 (Sergey Smolov, 11/13/2018 02:46 PM)
h1. Getting Started
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h2. General notes
First of all, install the QEMU4V (follow with the "instruction":https://forge.ispras.ru/projects/qemu4v/wiki/Installation). help of the "instruction":https://forge.ispras.ru/projects/qemu4v/wiki/Installation
It is possible to terminate QEMU by hands only. Neither Ctrl-C nor Ctrl-Z works, use _kill <process-id>_ or _killall qemu-system*_.
h2. Aarch64
It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:
- Toolchain for Aarch64 assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (can be downloaded from "Linaro website":http://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries or just below, installation instruction is "here":http://forge.ispras.ru/projects/microtesk-armv8/wiki/Toolchain).
# Write a simple Aarch64 program (it is called @sample.s@) that does nothing but puts 0x10 value to X0 register and then halts. Here it is:
<pre>
.text
.globl _start
bl _start
_start:
movz x1, #0x10, LSL #0
hlt #57005
</pre>
# To compile the Aarch64 assembler program, do the following:
<pre>
aarch64-linux-gnu-as sample.s -o sample.o
aarch64-linux-gnu-ld sample.o -o sample.elf
aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy -O binary sample.elf sample.bin
</pre>
# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator with enabled option of microprocessor execution trace logging:
<pre>
qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -cpu cortex-a57 -bios sample.bin -d nochain,in_asm -singlestep -nographic -trace-log -D log-file.txt
</pre>
# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following @log-file.txt@ trace file should be generated:
<pre>
0 clk IT (0) 0000000000000000 94000001 A svc_ns : bl #+0x4 (addr 0x4)
1 clk IT (1) 0000000000000004 d2800201 A svc_ns : movz x1, #0x10, LSL #0
2 clk IT (2) 0000000000000008 d45bd5a0 A svc_ns : hlt #57005
</pre>
h2. MIPS32
It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:
- Toolchain for MIPS assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (a list of toolchains is available "here":https://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Toolchains).
# First of all, let's write a simple MIPS program (it is called @sample.s@) that stores 0x10 value at x12345678 address. Here it is:
<pre>
.text
.globl _start
_start:
lui $1, 0x1234
ori $1, $1, 0x5678
addi $8, $0, 10
sw $8, 0($1)
</pre>
# To compile the MIPS32 assembler program, do the following:
<pre>
mips-linux-gnu-as sample.s -o sample.o
mips-linux-gnu-ld sample.o -Ttext 0xbfc00000 -o sample.elf
</pre>
# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator:
<pre>
qemu-system-mips -M mips -cpu mips32r6-generic -d unimp,nochain,in_asm -nographic -singlestep -D log.txt -bios sample.elf
</pre>
# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following @log-file.txt@ trace file should be generated:
<pre>
...
----------------
IN:
0xbfc0fffc: nop
----------------
IN:
0xbfc10000: lui at,0x1234
----------------
IN:
0xbfc10004: ori at,at,0x5678
----------------
IN:
0xbfc10008: beqzalc zero,t0,0xbfc10034
----------------
IN:
0xbfc10034: cache 0x0,0(s8)
</pre>
h2. PowerPC32
# Write a simple PowerPC program (it is called @p1.s@). Here it is:
<pre>
.section .text
addi 4,0,5 # bad
la 3,3(0) # very bad
la 3,0(3)
la 5,2500(3)
</pre>
# To compile the PowerPC assembler program, do the following:
<pre>
powerpc-linux-gnu-as p1.s -o p1.o
</pre>
h2. RISC-V
It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:
- Toolchain for RISC-V assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (the source code and the installation guide are available "here":https://github.com/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain).
# Write a simple RISC-V program (it is called @sample.s@) that does nothing but puts 0x18 value to @t1@ register and puts 0x21 value to @t2@ register. Here it is:
<pre>
.text
.globl _start
_start:
addi t1, zero, 0x18
addi t2, zero, 0x21
</pre>
# To compile the RISC-V assembler program, do the following:
<pre>
aarch64-linux-gnu-as sample.s -o sample.o
aarch64-linux-gnu-ld sample.o -Ttext 0x1000 -o sample.elf
</pre>
# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator with enabled option of microprocessor execution trace logging (0x1000 value was used by linker because of QEMU-related features):
<pre>
qemu-system-riscv64 -M spike_v1.10 -cpu any -d unimp,nochain,in_asm -nographic -singlestep -trace-log -kernel sample.elf
</pre>
# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following trace should be generated:
<pre>
0 clk 0 IT (0) 0000000000001000 01800313 A svc_ns : li t1,24
1 clk R t1 0000000000000018
1 clk 0 IT (1) 0000000000001004 02100393 A svc_ns : li t2,33
2 clk R t2 0000000000000021
2 clk 0 IT (2) 0000000000001008 00000000 A svc_ns : unimp
3 clk 0 IT (3) 0000000000001010 00000000 A svc_ns : unimp
</pre>
h2. X86 (8086 case)
It is supposed that the following tools are already installed in your system:
- Toolchain for X86 assembler programs compilation, linking, etc. (we use "GCC":https://gcc.gnu.org).
# Write a simple X86 program (it is called @sample.s@) that performs some calculations:
<pre>
.code16 # tell the assembler that we're using 16 bit mode
.text
.global _start
_start:
mov $11, %AX
and $204, %BX
mov %AX, %CX
add %CX, %BX
sub %CX, %AX
.org 510 # magic bytes that tell BIOS that this is bootable
.word 0xaa55 # magic bytes that tell BIOS that this is bootable
</pre>
# To compile the X86 GNU assembler program, do the following:
<pre>
x86_64-linux-gnu-as sample.s -o sample.o
x86_64-linux-gnu-ld sample.o -T 0x7c00 --oformat binary -o sample.elf
</pre>
# Finally, run _QEMU4V_ emulator:
<pre>
qemu-system-i386 -M pc -cpu 486 -d unimp,nochain,in_asm -nographic -singlestep -D log.txt -hda sample.elf
</pre>
# Wait for a while, then stop QEMU4V. The following @log-file.txt@ trace file should be generated (go to the 0x7c00 address and see the program execution fragment):
<pre>
----------------
IN:
0x00007c00: mov $0xb,%ax
----------------
IN:
0x00007c03: and $0xcc,%bx
----------------
IN:
0x00007c07: mov %ax,%cx
----------------
IN:
0x00007c09: add %cx,%bx
----------------
IN:
0x00007c0b: sub %cx,%ax
----------------
</pre>